Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation of Heat Transfer Efficiency in Automotive Radiators Using Nanofluid Coolants

Abstract

Nanofluids represent a novel class of thermal fluids with enhanced thermophysical properties capable of improving heat transfer performance across various applications. Integrating nanoparticles with superior thermal conductivity into a car radiator's coolant can elevate the coolant's effective thermal conductivity, thereby enhancing the cooling system's efficiency. This study employs alumina, silica, and copper oxide nanoparticles in conjunction with an ethylene glycol-water mixture (60:40) in three-dimensional simulations of car radiators to analyse fluid flow patterns and heat transfer performance. Assessment of heat transfer performance for nanofluids based on ethylene glycol-water mixtures at varying nanoparticle concentrations provides insights into heat transfer coefficients through numerical simulations at different coolant velocities. The findings indicate an overall enhancement in heat transfer performance when utilising nanofluids with increased effective thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the results demonstrate a significant improvement in coolant heat transfer performance in car radiators with higher particle loading.