Exploring the Role of Epigenetic Modifications in Criminal Behavior: Implications for Prevention and Intervention

Abstract

Epigenetic modifications are alterations to DNA that impact how cells read genes and control their expression or activity but do not alter the sequence of DNA’s building blocks. These changes can be hereditary or can be reversible. This field is being worked on extensively. Violent and stressful environments have long-term, potentially generational effects on brain development and genes. Factors that influence epigenetic changes are diet, lifestyle, smoking, alcohol, environmental pollution and psychological stress. The bio-psycho-social processes of epigenesis illuminate the mechanism of potential causes of criminal behaviour. Most long-term offenders were raised in low-income, maltreated, and neglected environments. In this regard, research on the epigenetic effects of crime holds great promise for improving our knowledge of crime and violence and bringing forth fresh ideas for crime prevention.