Phytochemical Analysis of Some Traditional Plants Occurring in the Local Area of SAM Global University Campus

Abstract

Bioactive substances found in medicinal plants are crucial in treating various human illnesses and facilitating healing. These substances consist of primary components, such as amino acids, proteins, sugars, and chlorophyll, as well as secondary components, including alkaloids and terpenoids. Medicinal plants exhibit antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigates ten medicinal plants - Achyranthes aspera L, Ricinus communis L, Pedalium murex L, Azadirachta indica Adr. Juss, Cissus quadrangularis L. Mart, Euphorbia cycthophora L, Amaranthus spinosus L, Psidium guajava L, Fagonia cretica, and Bauhinia variegata L - available locally on the Sam Global University campus in Bhopal. These plants were screened using standard methods, revealing the presence of tannins, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, and alkaloids. The leaves of selected medicinal plants were washed, air-dried, and powdered. Phytochemical analysis was performed on aqueous leaf extracts to identify the constituents. The primary objective was to determine the presence or absence of phytochemical constituents in the selected plants. Results indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, terpenoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, gum, mucilage, lignin, and starch terpenoids in the aforementioned medicinal plants.