A Review of Recyclable Building Materials for Sustainability in India

Abstract

Construction and demolition waste (C&DW) poses significant environmental challenges and resource scarcity concerns, particularly in rapidly growing economies like India. Despite generating an estimated 150 million tonnes of C&D waste annually, the country recycles just one percent of it, highlighting the urgent need for effective waste management strategies. This paper delves into the complexities of C&D waste management, exploring its sources, composition, and current practices in India. The study evaluates the magnitude of C&D waste generation, citing estimates ranging from 12 to 175 million tonnes per annum, underscoring the pressing demand-supply gap in construction materials. It examines the challenges of managing C&D waste, especially in smaller projects where waste segregation and reuse remain ambiguous. The paper proposes scalable solutions for effective waste management, drawing insights from successful international pilot projects.

Furthermore, the paper outlines the composition of C&D waste, categorises it into major and minor components, and discusses the potential reuse of materials like concrete, bricks, tiles, wood, and metals. It emphasises the importance of recycling C&D waste to alleviate resource scarcity and reduce environmental impact. The paper also highlights current recycling practices in India, showcasing operational waste recycling plants across various cities. It discusses using recycled materials in construction projects and addresses regulatory barriers hindering the widespread adoption of recycling practices. In conclusion, the study advocates for proactive measures to minimise C&D waste generation and enhance recycling efforts. It underscores the crucial role of architects and designers in promoting sustainable construction practices and recommends integrating waste management plans into project management frameworks. India can transition towards a more sustainable and circular construction economy by fostering stakeholder collaboration and leveraging existing technologies.