A Comprehensive Review of Smart Healthcare Systems: Architecture, Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions

Abstract

Smart healthcare systems represent a transformative paradigm that leverages emerging technologies to enhance patient care, improve healthcare delivery, and optimize clinical outcomes. This review paper comprehensively examines smart healthcare systems, encompassing their architecture, key components, applications, challenges, and future directions. We explore integrating diverse technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), wearable devices, big data analytics, and cloud computing into healthcare ecosystems. Moreover, we discuss the impact of smart healthcare systems on patient engagement, personalized medicine, remote monitoring, preventive care, and healthcare resource management. The review also highlights challenges related to data privacy, security, interoperability, regulatory compliance, and ethical considerations in adopting smart healthcare solutions. By synthesizing existing literature, identifying emerging trends, and proposing potential research directions, this review aims to provide insights into the transformative potential of smart healthcare systems and guide stakeholders in their adoption and implementation.