Advancements and Challenges in Load Modeling for Plug-In Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

This review provides a comprehensive examination of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs), focusing on their current market status, technological advancements, and the challenges associated with their integration into the power grid. With increasing global emphasis on sustainable energy and carbon emission reduction, PEVs are emerging as pivotal in the transition toward cleaner transportation. This paper explores various load modelling techniques that predict and manage the electricity demand resulting from PEV adoption, highlighting their role in grid management and strategic energy planning. Key topics include uncontrolled charging, smart charging strategies, and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) systems, alongside their respective impacts on grid stability and renewable energy integration. The review identifies research gaps and underscores the importance of innovative load modelling methods to address the dynamic and scalable nature of PEV usage, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable energy future.