A Comprehensive Analysis of Genetic, Neurobiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects of Antisocial Personality Disorder

Abstract

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is a severe mental disorder characterized by a persistent disregard for others, refusal to conform to social norms, and criminal behaviour. Individuals with ASPD cause immense suffering for victims while also posing unique challenges for clinicians. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of ASPD across multiple research domains to bridge the knowledge gaps that prevent optimal care. Twin studies, candidate gene research, and epigenetic influences on heritability are discussed. Structural/functional neuroimaging findings indicating fronto-temporal-limbic abnormalities are investigated. The ASPD diagnostic criteria, clinical presentations, and common co-occurring conditions are all described in detail. Both pharmacological and psychological treatment strategies are thoroughly evaluated using existing literature. Case studies that demonstrate long-term manifestations and outcomes are also included. The paper combines current ASPD knowledge to understand pathogenesis, improve clinical conceptions, and guide the development of targeted, evidence-based treatments for this profoundly impairing but understudied disorder.