Major Contributions of Bamboo Grass in Maintaining Ecosystem, Sustainability, And Climate Change Mitigation: An Indian Perspective

Abstract

India is blessed with rich biodiversity, including bamboo, often called India's "Green Gold" due to its numerous ecological applications. The National Bamboo Mission identifies 136 bamboo species in India, with commercially important species including Bambusa, Bambusa tulda, Bambusa balcooa, and Bambusa Dendrocalamus. Bamboo, known for its rapid growth, belongs to the grass family Poaceae and can withstand freezing temperatures, with some species surviving temperatures as low as -29°C. India boasts one of the largest bamboo cultivation areas globally, covering approximately 13% of the country's forested hectares. Bamboo is a versatile plant with applications in construction, handicrafts, textiles, and as a food source for various wildlife species. Bamboo plays a significant role in maintaining the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, releasing 35% more oxygen than equivalent tree species. Planting bamboo can thus significantly reduce carbon footprints and contribute to combating global warming and climate change. Furthermore, bamboo is a sustainable alternative to wood, highlighting its potential to reduce pollution and mitigate environmental degradation.